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TOP Reliable CTFL4 Exam Preparation - BCS ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level CTFL 4.0 - High Pass-Rate CTFL4 Reliable Test Preparation

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BCS CTFL4 Exam Syllabus Topics:

Topic
Details

Topic 1

Testing Throughout the Software Development Lifecycle: This topic explains how testing is incorporated into different development approaches. It also focuses on the concepts of test-first approaches.

Topic 2

Test Analysis and Design: It focuses on black-box and the collaboration-based test approach.

Topic 3

Fundamentals of Testing: It discusses the basic principles related to testing. The topic evaluates your understandings about the test process.

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BCS ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level CTFL 4.0 Sample Questions (Q68-Q73):

NEW QUESTION # 68
Which two of the following statements describe the advantages provided by good traceability between the test basis and test work products?
I . Analyzing the impact of changes.
ii . A measure of code quality.
iii . Accurate test estimation.
iv . Making testing auditable.
Select the correct answer:

A. i and iii
B. i and iv
C. i and ii
D. ii and iii

Answer: B

Explanation:
Good traceability between the test basis and test work products provides several advantages: i. Analyzing the impact of changes: Traceability allows for easy identification of which parts of the test work products will be affected by changes in the requirements or design, facilitating impact analysis. iv . Making testing auditable: Traceability ensures that there is a clear connection between the requirements and the test cases, which makes the testing process auditable and provides evidence that all requirements have been tested.

NEW QUESTION # 69
Which ONE of the following statements does NOT describe how testing contributes to higher quality?

A. Properly designed tests that pass reduce the level of risk in a system.
B. The testing of software demonstrates the absence of defects.
C. Performing a review of the requirement specifications before implementing the system can enhance quality.
D. Software testing identifies defects, which can be used to improve development activities.

Answer: B

Explanation:
* The testing of software does not demonstrate the absence of defects, but rather the presence of defects or the conformance of the software to the specified requirements1. Testingcan never prove that the software is defect-free, as it is impossible to test all possible scenarios, inputs, outputs, and behaviors of the software2. Testing can only provide a level of confidence in the quality of the software, based on the coverage, effectiveness, and efficiency of the testing activities3.
* The other options are correct because:
* A. Properly designed tests that pass reduce the level of risk in a system, as they verify that the system meets the expected quality attributes and satisfies the needs and expectations of the users and clients4. Risk is the potential for loss or harm due to the occurrence of an undesirable event5. Testing can help to identify, analyze, prioritize, and mitigate the risks associated with the software product and project6.
* C. Software testing identifies defects, which can be used to improve development activities, as they provide feedback on the quality of the software and the effectiveness of the development processes7. Defects are flaws or errors in the software that cause it to deviate from the expected or required results or behavior. Testing can help to detect, report, track, and resolve the defects, and prevent them from recurring in the future.
* D. Performing a review of the requirement specifications before implementing the system can enhance quality, as it can ensure that the requirements are clear, complete, consistent, testable, and aligned with the needs and expectations of the users and clients. Requirements are the specifications of what the software should do and how it should do it. Testing can help to validate that the requirements are met by the software, and verify that the software is implemented according to the requirements.
References =
* 1 ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 10
* 2 ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 11
* 3 ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 12
* 4 ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 13
* 5 ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 97
* 6 ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 98
* 7 ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 14
* [8] ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 15
* [9] ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 16
* [10] ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 17
* [11] ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 18
* [12] ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 19

NEW QUESTION # 70
A company wants to reward each of its salespeople with an annual bonus that represents the sum of all the bonuses accumulated for every single sale made by that salesperson. The bonus for a single sale can take on the following four values: 3%, 5%, 7% and 10% (the percentage refers to the amount of the single sale). These values are determined on the basis of the type of customer (classified as "Basic" or "Premium") to which such sale was made, and on the amount of such sale classified into the following three groups G1, G2 and G3:
* [G1]: less than 300 euros
* [G2]: between 300 and 2000 euros
* [G3]: greater than 2000 euros
Which of the following is the minimum number of test cases needed to cover the full decision table associated with this scenario?

A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3

Answer: D

Explanation:
The minimum number of test cases needed to cover the full decision table associated with this scenario is 6. This is because the decision table has 4 conditions (type of customer and amount of sale) and 4 actions (bonus percentage). The conditions have 2 possible values each (Basic or Premium, and G1, G2 or G3), so the total number of combinations is 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 16. However, not all combinations are valid, as some of them are contradictory or impossible. For example, a sale cannot be both less than 300 euros and greater than 2000 euros at the same time. Therefore, we need to eliminate the invalid combinations and keep only the valid ones. The valid combinations are:
Type of customer
Amount of sale
Bonus percentage
Basic
G1
3%
Basic
G2
5%
Basic
G3
7%
Premium
G1
5%
Premium
G2
7%
Premium
G3
10%
These 6 combinations cover all the possible values of the conditions and actions, and they are the minimum number of test cases needed to cover the full decision table.

NEW QUESTION # 71
During component testing of a program if 100% decision coverage is achieved, which of the following coverage criteria is also guaranteed to be 100%?

A. 100% Stale transition coverage
B. 100% Equivalence class coverage
C. 100% Boundary value coverage
D. 100% Statement coverage

Answer: D

Explanation:
Statement coverage is a structural coverage metric that measures the percentage of executable statements in the source code that are executed by a test suite1. Decision coverage is another structural coverage metric that measures the percentage of decision outcomes (such as branches or conditions) in the source code that are executed by a test suite1. Decision coverage is a stronger metric than statement coverage, because it requires that every possible outcome of each decision is tested, while statement coverage only requires that every statement is executed at least once2. Therefore, if a test suite achieves 100% decision coverage, it also implies that it achieves 100% statement coverage, because every statement in every branch or condition must have been executed. However, the converse is not true: 100% statement coverage does not guarantee 100% decision coverage, because some branches or conditions may have multiple outcomes that are not tested by the test suite2. For example, consider the following pseudocode:
if (x > 0) then print("Positive") else print("Non-positive") end if
A test suite that executes this code with x = 1 and x = -1 will achieve 100% statement coverage, because both print statements are executed. However, it will not achieve 100% decision coverage, because the condition x
> 0 has only been tested with two outcomes: true and false. The third possible outcome, x = 0, has not been tested by the test suite. Therefore, the test suite may miss a potential bug or error in the condition or the branch.
The other options, such as stale transition coverage, equivalence class coverage, and boundary value coverage, are not guaranteed to be 100% by achieving 100% decision coverage. Stale transition coverage is a structural coverage metric that measures the percentage of transitions between states in a state machine that are executed by a test suite3. Equivalence class coverage is a functional coverage metric that measures the percentage of equivalence classes (or partitions) of input or output values that are tested by a test suite4. Boundary value coverage is another functional coverage metric that measures the percentage of boundary values (or extreme values) of input or output ranges that are tested by a test suite4. These metrics are independent of decision coverage, because they are based on different aspects of the system under test, such as its behavior, functionality, or specification. Therefore, achieving 100% decision coverage does not imply achieving 100% of any of these metrics, and vice versa. References = ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Test Coverage in Software Testing - Guru99, Structural Coverage Metrics - MATLAB & Simulink - MathWorks India, Test Design Coverage in Software Testing - GeeksforGeeks.

NEW QUESTION # 72
Consider an estimation session in which a six-member Agile team (Memb1..... Memb6) uses the planning poker technique to estimate a user story (in story points). The team members will use a set of cards with the following values: 1,2, 3,5, 8,13,21. Below is the outcome of the first round of estimation for this session:

Which of the following answers BEST describes how the estimation session should proceed?

A. The final estimate of the user story in story points is determined by calculating the average value between the most optimistic estimate of 21 story points (Memb4> and the most pessimistic estimate of
1 story point (Memb6)
B. Further estimation rounds should be performed until all team members will pick the card having the same value: this value will represent the final estimate of the user story in story points.
C. The final estimate of the user story in story points is determined by applying the three-point estimation technique with the following input values most optimistic estimate - 1, most likely estimate - 3, and most pessimistic estimate - 21
D. Memb6 and Memb4 which have produced the most pessimistic and the most optimistic estimates respectively, should explain the reasons of their choices to stimulate a discussion between all members before proceeding to another estimation round

Answer: D

Explanation:
In Agile teams using the planning poker technique for estimating user stories, it is common practice to have further discussions and rounds of estimation if there is a significant discrepancy in the initial estimates. This helps in reaching a consensus and ensures that all team members understand the complexity and requirements of the user story. According to the ISTQB CTFL syllabus, planning poker involves discussions to clarify differences in estimates, especially when there is a wide range of values selected. By having Memb6 and Memb4, who provided the most pessimistic and optimistic estimates, explain their reasoning, it fosters a deeper understanding and encourages the team to converge towards a more accurate and agreed-upon estimate.
References:ISTQB CTFL Syllabus, Section on Agile methodologies and estimation techniques.

NEW QUESTION # 73
......

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